Serum lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 level is positively correlated with the recurrence risk of acute ischemic cerebral infarction in hypertensive patients / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the relationship between serum lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) level and the risk of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) recurrence in hypertensive patients.@*METHODS@#This retrospective case-control study was conducted among 211 hypertensive patients with AIS treated in Foshan First People's Hospital, including 35 patients with recurrence of AIS during the 1-year follow-up as confirmed by head CT/MR. In the overall patients, 60 had grade 1 hypertension (including 5 recurrent cases), 76 had grade 2 hypertension (with 11 recurrent cases), and 75 had grade 3 hypertension (with 19 recurrent cases). Univariate analysis, multivariate logistic regression analysis, trend analysis, and smooth curve fitting analysis were performed to explore the correlation between serum Lp-PLA2 level within 24 h after admission and the risk of AIS recurrence. The predictive efficacy of serum Lp-PLA2 level for AIS recurrence in different hypertension grades was evaluated using ROC curve analysis.@*RESULTS@#Serum Lp-PLA2 level, age, NIHSS score at admission, mRS scores at 7 days, homocysteine level and smoking status differed significantly between patients with and without AIS recurrence (P < 0.05). After adjustment for confounding factors, multivariate regression analysis showed that the highest tertile of Lp-PLA2 level was associated with a 4.13-fold increase of AIS recurrence risk compared with the lowest tertile (OR=5.13, 95% CI: 1.35-19.40), and each 1 ng/mL increase of Lp-PLA2 level was associated with a 1% increase of AIS recurrence risk (OR= 1.01, 95% CI: 1.01-1.02). Serum Lp-PLA2 level was shown to positively correlate with AIS recurrence risk, and in patients with grade 3 hypertension, its areas under the ROC curve for predicting AIS recurrence was 0.869 with a specificity of 0.893 and a sensitivity of 0.737.@*CONCLUSION@#Serum Lp-PLA2 concentration is an independent risk factor and potentially an effective predictor for AIS recurrence in patients with grade 3 hypertension.

Identification of Hypertension Subgroups through Topological Analysis of Symptom-Based Patient Similarity / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To obtain the subtypes of the clinical hypertension population based on symptoms and to explore the relationship between hypertension and comorbidities.@*METHODS@#The data set was collected from the Chinese medicine (CM) electronic medical records of 33,458 hypertension inpatients in the Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine between July 2014 and May 2017. Then, a hypertension disease comorbidity network (HDCN) was built to investigate the complicated associations between hypertension and their comorbidities. Moreover, a hypertension patient similarity network (HPSN) was constructed with patients' shared symptoms, and 7 main hypertension patient subgroups were identified from HPSN with a community detection method to exhibit the characteristics of clinical phenotypes and molecular mechanisms. In addition, the significant symptoms, diseases, CM syndromes and pathways of each main patient subgroup were obtained by enrichment analysis.@*RESULTS@#The significant symptoms and diseases of these patient subgroups were associated with different damaged target organs of hypertension. Additionally, the specific phenotypic features (symptoms, diseases, and CM syndromes) were consistent with specific molecular features (pathways) in the same patient subgroup.@*CONCLUSION@#The utility and comprehensiveness of disease classification based on community detection of patient networks using shared CM symptom phenotypes showed the importance of hypertension patient subgroups.

Clinical application of the needle electrode in transurethral plasmakinetic resection of bladder tumor around ureteral orifice: A report of 16 cases / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the clinical application value of using needle electrode in transurethral plasmakinetic resection of bladder tumor around ureteral orifice.@*METHODS@#Retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of 16 cases who had bladder tumors around ureteral orifice and underwent transurethral resection using plasmakinetic needle electrode in Department of Urology, Peking University International Hospital from June 2015 to December 2019. There were nine cases with the tumor of one to two centimeters from the ureteral orifice. The rest of the seven cases had tumor that was within one centimeter from the ureteral orifice, including two cases whose ureteral orifice was invaded by the tumor. All the patients studied were diagnosed before surgery and contraindications were excluded. The plasmakinetic needle electrode was used to treat the tumor with en bloc resection, and all the excised tissue was sent for pathological examination. Intravesical chemotherapy and postoperative follow-ups were performed. Statistical analysis was performed on the operation time, the incidence of obturator nerve reflex, the peri-operative bleeding, the parameters of indwelling ureteral catheter or double-J stent, the incidence of postoperative hydronephrosis, the clinical stage of tumor, and the recurrence rate.@*RESULTS@#The operation was successfully completed for all the sixteen cases. The operation time was 16 to 57 minutes, with an average of (32.6±11.8) minutes. No obvious obturator nerve reflex and perioperative bleeding occurred in all the patients. Ureteral catheters were indwelled prior to the operation of tumor resection in seven cases. Four of the seven cases had the ureteral catheters remained while the rest three were replaced by double-J stent after surgery. Postoperative pathological analysis showed that all the tumors were urothelial carcinoma, including 9 cases of low grade and 7 cases of high grade. Pathological staging: 10 cases were in Ta stage, 5 cases in T1 stage, and 1 case in T2a stage. All tumor bases and lateral margins were negative. All the patients received 3-56 months, with an average of (26.0±18.1) months of follow-up. There was no case of upper urinary tract hydronephrosis or tumor recurrence.@*CONCLUSION@#The transurethral plasmakinetic resection of bladder tumor using needle electrode can realize en bloc tumor resection without obturator nerve reflex and reduce the risk of ureteral orifice injury. It is a safe and effective surgical method for treating bladder tumors around the ureteral orifice.

Effect of Qihong Capsule on Heart Hemodynamics and Myocardial Consumption of Oxygen in Heart Failure Model Beagle / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To investigate the therapeutic effect of Qihong capsule on pentobarbital sodium induced heart failure in beagle dogs. Method:Thirty healthy adult beagle dogs were randomly divided into 6 groups, 6 in each group. They were normal group, model group, digoxin tablet group (40 μg·kg-1), Qihong capsule high, medium and low dose groups (2.6，1.3，0.65 g·kg-1). The heart failure model of beagle dogs was established by intravenous infusion of 2% pentobarbital sodium. The success standard of the model was that the maximum rate of rise of left ventricular pressure was reduced by 70%.The corresponding drugs were given through duodenum. The Ⅱ lead electrocardiogram, coronary blood flow, cardiac output, left ventricular pressure and maximum rate of left ventricular pressure rise were measured by multi-channel physiological recorder. The arterial oxygen content and coronary sinus oxygen content were measured by Roche blood oxygen analyzer at different time points, and the myocardial oxygen utilization rate was calculated. Result:After intravenous infusion of 2% pentobarbital sodium for about 15 minutes, beagle dogs began to show obvious symptoms of heart failure. The main manifestations were the increase of PR interval of Ⅱ lead electrocardiogram, the decrease of coronary blood flow, left ventricular pressure, cardiac output, cardiac output, venous oxygen content, and the increase of myocardial oxygen utilization rate (P<0.01) compared with the model group, Qihong capsule significantly increased coronary blood flow at 60-120 min after treatment (P<0.05). The cardiac output of 2.6 g·kg-1 Qihong capsule increased significantly at 45-60 min after treatment, with the maximum increase of about 16%, which was significantly different from that of model group (P<0.05). At the same time, it can increase the oxygen content of coronary sinus blood, which indicates that the myocardial oxygen supply is increased and the oxygen utilization rate is decreased. Qihong capsule 1.3 g·kg-1 group significantly increased the maximum rate of left ventricular pressure rise (P<0.05), the maximum increase rate was about 42%. Conclusion:Qihong capsule can increase coronary blood flow and venous blood oxygen content at the same time, make myocardial nutrient supply sufficient, reduce oxygen utilization rate, on this basis, Qihong capsule can further increase cardiac output and improve cardiac function, so as to play a protective role in heart failure.

Observation of the clinical efficacy of the bone filling bag vertebroplasty for the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the clinical effects of bone filling bag vertebroplasty in treating osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures.@*METHODS@#The clinical data of 127 patients (145 vertebrae) with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures who corresponded the criteria of inclusion and exclusion from December 2015 to June 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. Responsible vertebral bodies were identified by clinical situation, X-rays, CT scan, MRI. Among them, 95 cases (110 vertebrae) were treated by percutaneons kyphoplasty (PKP group), there were 34 males (42 vertebrae) and 61 females (68 vertebrae), with an average age of (73.92±7.14) years, 47 thoracic vertebra (T₈-T₁₂) and 63 lumbar vertebra (L₁-L₅). Other 32 patients (35 vertebrae) were treated by bone filling bag vertebroplasty(bone filling bag vertebroplasty group). There were 11 males (12 vertebrae) and 21 females (23 vertebrae), with an average age of (71.56±7.89) years, 16 thoracic vertebra (T₉-T₁₂) and 19 lumbar vertebra(L₁-L₅). Postoperative pain after 3 days, vertebral body height, improvement of lumbar function were recorded and bone cement diffusion and leakage were observed by X-rays.@*RESULTS@#All operations were successful and no complications were found. In bone filling bag vertebroplasty group, operation time was (31.75±4.99) min, postoperative VAS score at 3 days was(2.38±0.94) points, anterior and middle height of the vertebral body were(19.54±2.36) mm and (18.16±2.65) mm, respectively; ODI score was(25.19±5.49) points, all above items after operation were better than preoperation(0.05). Bone cement was patchy, clumpy or slightly dispersed by X-rays at 3 days after operation, the leakage rate of bone cement in bone filling bag vertebroplasty group was 2.86%(1/35), while was 6.36%(18/110) in PKP group, all of them were "trailing sign", there was significant difference between two groups (<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The clinical effect of bone filling bag vertebroplasty in the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures is similar to percutaneous kyphoplasty, it can effectively relieve the pain, restore part vertebral body height and obviously reduce the leakage rate, with safer, it is a simple, rapid and effective therapeutic method.

Feasibility of Aortic Dissection Occlusion via Mini-thoracotomy by Trans-esophageal Echocardiography Guidance / 中国循环杂志

Objectives: To explore the feasibility of aortic dissection (AD) occlusion via mini-thoracotomy by trans-esophageal echocardiography (TEE) guidance. Methods: Pre-operative TEE was conducted in 2 AD patients, the findings were compared with trans-thoracic echocardiography (TTE) to confirm the diagnosis with quantitative evaluation in order to accurately guiding the wire and sheath pipe into the rupture crevasse of AD for assessing the position, stability and the effect of closure device on local blood flow. Results: TEE confirmed that 2 patients could be treated by interventional plugging and the crevasses of AD were successfully blocked by TEE guidance. Case 1 had DeBakey II AD, crevasse shunt disappeared upon blocking, false lumen formed thrombosis, the diameter reduced form 40 mm to 28 mm and the cavity was retracted about 40%. Case 2 had the ulcer type AD located in aortic arch, closure device was closely suit to aortic wall, spread well and crevasse shunt disappeared;blood flow in aortic arch was about 110 cm/s which was similar at pre- and post-operation, no vascular stenosis and local dilatation were found, vital sign was stable. Follow-up TTE was performed at 1 month after the operation which showed the position of closure devices were normal in both patients. Conclusions: TEE could effectively confirm pre-operative AD diagnosis and provide intuitive image and quantitative information for accurately guiding closure position and evaluating surgical result. Mini-thoracotomy with TEE guidance is feasible for interventional therapy of AD.

Pre-column Derivation HPLC Method for Detemination of Aldehydes and Research on the Correlation between Aldehydes and Peroxide Value in Polysorbates / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To develop a quantitative determination method of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde and study the correlation between aldehydes and peroxide value in polysorbate 20, 40, 60 and 80.METHODS: Formaldehyde and acetaldehyde in polysorbates reacted with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine(DNPH) for 60 min at room temperature and stable phenylhydrazone compounds,formaldehyde-DNPH and acetaldehyde-DNPH, were obtained, respectively.The two phenylhydrazone compounds were simultaneously detected by HPLC to calculate the contents of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde in polysorates. The peroxide value of polysorbates was also determined according to chapter of Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2015. RESULTS: The HPLC method for quantitative determination of aldehydes in polysorates had good specificity. The resolutions of formaldehyde-DNPH and acetaldehyde-DNPH were 2.0 and 2.9, respectively. There was good linearity in the range of 0.1-35.0 μg•mL-1 for formaldehyde(r=0.999 8) and 0.2-50.0 μg•mL-1 for acetaldehyde(r=0.999 6). The average spiked recoveries were in the range of 88.6%-103.5% and their relative standard deviations(RSDs) were in the range of 1.2%-2.6%.The RSDs of intra-day and inter-day precision were not more than 6.0%.The limits of detection and quantitation were 0.03 and 0.1 μg•mL-1 for formaldehyde and 0.06 and 0.2 μg•mL-1 for acetaldehyde, respectively. The contents of aldehydes in polysorbates from different manufacturers were 0-593.1 μg•g-1 for formaldehyde and 0-740.5 μg•g-1 for acetaldehyde, however, the peroxide values of most polysorbate products were less than 10. CONCLUSION: The pre-column derivation HPLC method is suitable for assay of trace aldehydes in polysorbates. Moreover, the weak correlation between aldehydes and peroxide value indicated that the latter testing item is not enough to control the risk of aldehydes in polysorbates. Therefore, aldehydes as well as quantitative determination method are suggested to be included in the monographs of polysorbates to improve their quality standard.

Application of dynamic mesh technique in the development process of atherosclerosis by numerical simulation / 医用生物力学

Objective In the computational fluid dynamics software FLUENT, the independently developed user defined function (UDF) dynamic mesh program is called to achieve the mobile update of grid note based on the wall shear stress (WSS). Then this method is applied to simulate the development process of atherosclerosis (AS). Methods The UDF program by secondary development could extract WSS results of every note on the wall during the computing process, and if the threshold value criterion condition was met, the node would be adjusted to a new position. The mesh regeneration method combining with the spring smoothing and the local remeshing was adopted to control the update of the grid, so as to ensure the grid quality during deformation. Results The UDF program successfully extracted the WSS and arranged the corresponding deformation for the grid. The morphology of local extension in the proximal part and restenosis in the distal end were resulted from the vortex in the rear of the initial stenosis. Those features were similar to the indication of clinical angiography. Conclusions The independently developed UDF program has reached the expected effects, depicting the topography characteristics of AS influenced by WSS. In future researches, more influential factors should be considered in dynamic mesh deformation control to provide numerical references for clinical prognosis and risk evaluation of AS.

Clinical observation of multifocal intraocular lens with aspheric astigmatism in cataract surgery / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: By comparing the aspheric and multifocal Toric intraocular lens and the aspheric intraocular lens in cataract patients,to observe the patients` visual quality,to evaluate the patients` distance visual acuity,near visual acuity,Pseudo-accommodative power,residual astigmatism,the rotational stability of AcrySof IQ Toric Restor intraocular lens (IOLs),contrast the rate of off-distance glass,the rate of off-near glass and patient satisfaction after the implantation of AcrySof IQ Toric Restor IOL in the cataract patients with preexisting corneal astigmatism.METHODS:Carried out in 46 patients (48 eyes) with age-rated cataract who receiving phacoemulsification and implantation of artificial lens in our department during February 2014 to June 2016.All the cases were randomly divided into 2 groups: experimental group: 23 cases (24 eyes),AcrySof IQ ReSTOR Toric IOL was implanted after phacoemulsification;control group: 23 cases (24 eyes),AcrySof IQ was implanted.Uncorrected distance visual acuity (UCDVA) and best corrected distance visual acuity (BCDVA),uncorrected near visual acuity (UCNVA) and best-corrected near visual acuity(BCNVA),Pseudo-accommodative power,residual astigmatism,preoperative and postoperative corneal astigmatism,the rate of off-distance glass,the rate of off-near glass and patient satisfaction were measured at 6mo postoperatively follow-up.RESULTS: BCDVA and BCNVA were not statistically different between the two groups(P<0.05).At 1wk,1,3 and 6mo postoperatively of UCDVA the experimental group were statistically better than the control group (P<0.05).UCNVA were also statistically better than the control group (P<0.05).The mean residual astigmatisms 1wk,1,3 and 6mo postoperatively were statistically differences between the control group and experimental group (P<0.05).At 6mo postoperatively,patients satisfaction of experimental group were significantly better than control group (P<0.05).Spectacles independence for near vision achieved 83% and 17% in experimental group and control group,experimental group were statistically better than control group(P<0.05).Spectacles independence for distance vision achieved 92% and 67% in experimental group and control group,experimental group were statistically better than control group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:The results indicate that AcrySof IQ ReSTOR Toric IOLs may provide a better uncorrected distance visual acuity and uncorrected near visual acuity,which can significantly reduce preexisting corneal astigmatism in cataract surgery,improve spectacles independence for distance vision and spectacles independence for near vision,have a high patient satisfaction.

Biomechanical study of the lateral wall of the femur in the treatment of femoral intertrochanteric fracture with intramedullary or extramedullary fixation / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the biomechanical effects of the lateral wall of the femur in treating femoral intertrochanteric fractures with intramedullary or extramedullary fixation to guide the choice of clinical fixed methods.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twelve adults femur specimens of intertrochanteric fractures were belong to the type A1 of the AO fracture classification and randomly divided into the lateral wall complete PFNA group, the lateral wall complete PF-LCP group, the lateral wall breakage PFNA group, lateral wall breakage PF-LCP group, every group had 3 specimens. The four groups of specimens were subjected to compressive loading experiment with Universal Material Testing Machine. The maximum loading force was observed. The distance between fracture ends, the distance of fracture dislocation and the sliding distance of the fracture fragments along the intertrochanteric were measured with Calipers.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The maximum loading force of lateral wall complete PFNA group were larger than that of lateral wall complete PF-LCP group, and the maximum loading force of lateral wall breakage PFNA group were larger than that of lateral wall breakage PF-LCP group, there were significant differences (<0.05). The distance between fracture ends of the four groups before compression were not significant differences(>0.05). The distance between fracture ends, the distance of fracture dislocation and the sliding distance of the fracture fragments were not significant differences between lateral wall complete PFNA group and lateral wall complete PF-LCP group after compression (>0.05). But the distance between fracture ends, the distance of fracture dislocation and the sliding distance of the fracture fragments of lateral wall breakage PFNA group were less than that of lateral wall breakage PF-LCP group(<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Intramedullary fixation of intertrochanteric fractures have stronger loading force. Both intramedullary and extramedullary fixation of intertrochanteric fractures have strong stability when the lateral wall of the femur is complete, but intramedullary fixation of intertrochanteric fractures is stronger stability than extramedullary fixation when the lateral wall of the femur is broken. So the intramedullary fixation is the first choice for the treatment of intertrochanteric fracture.</p>

Effects of Mongolia Astragali Radix in protecting early cardiac and nephritic functions of patients of hypertension with metabolic syndrome / 中国中药杂志

To explore the effect of Mongolia Astragali Radix produced in Longxi of Gansu province in protecting cardiac and nephritic functions of patients of essential hypertension(EH) with metabolic syndrome(MetS). A total of two hundred and twenty-six EH patients with MetS aged above 18 were selected. Patients were randomly divided to control group(adopted conventional medical treatment), Astragali Radix group 1(added Astragali Radix capsules 10 g•d⁻¹ besides conventional medical treatment) and Astragali Radix group 2(added Astragali Radix capsules 5 g•d⁻¹ besides conventional medical treatment). Cardiac anatomy structure, cardiac systolic function and diastolic function were measured by M-mode echocardiography, two-dimensional echocardiography, Doppler echocardiographic determination and tissue Doppler imaging. The level of microalbuminuria(MAU) was evaluated by radioimmunoassay. In addition, the estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR) was calculated by modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD) formulas. The changes of relevant indicators for cardiac and nephritic functions before and after treatment were compared during the 12-month follow-up. The study protocol was registered at the website of Chinese clinical trial register and approved by the ethics committee of second hospital of Lanzhou university. Each patient was required to sign an informed consent. SPSS software was used for statistical analysis. According to the result, compare with before treatment, the three groups show no difference in efficacy of metablic indicators. Left ventricular end-systolic volume (ESV) and left ventricular end-systolic dimension (LVESd) of all patients were improved after treatment. However, there was no significant difference among the three groups. After the addition of Astragali Radix, the mitral flow velocity(Vp) of patients was improved to some extent(P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference among the three groups. Astragali Radix had a significant effect in reducing the MAU(P<0.05). Moreover, the MAU level of patients in Astragali Radix group 1 decreased more significantly than the other groups(P<0.05). Compared with conventional therapy, Astragali Radix combined with conventional therapy could improve cardiac structure, left ventricular systolic function, left ventricular diastolic function, and reduce the MAU to a certain extent in EH patients with MetS. Moreover, the effects of high-dose Astragali Radix are better than that of the low-dose Astragali Radix. However, the effect of Astragali Radix on EH patients with MetS shall be further observed to confirm its efficacy.

Research Advances in Chemokine-like Factor Super Family Member 8 / 中国医学科学院学报

Chemokine-like factor super family member (CMTM) is a novel generic family firstly reported by Peking University Center for Human Disease Genomics. CMTM8 is one member of this family and has exhibited tumor-inhibiting activities. It can encode proteins approaching to the transmembrane 4 superfamily. CMTM8 is down-regulated in most carcinoma cell lines and tissues. Over-expression of CMTM8 may inhibit the proliferation,migration,and invasion of carcinoma cells. However,the exact mechanism of its anti-tumor activity remains unclear. CMTM8 may be involved in various signaling pathways governing the occurrence and development of tumors. CMTM8 may be a new target in the gene therapies for tumors,while further studies on CMTM8 and its anti-tumor mechanisms are warranted.

Discovery of new core scaffold of mer tyrosine kinase selective inhibitors by virtual screening / 国际药学研究杂志

Objective To discover the core structures for a series of new selective Mer tyrosine kinase inhibitor*(TKI) and design their compounds accordingly. Method The pharmacophore of the core domain was respectively generated by cocrystal of Mer tyrosine kinase (Mer TK) and bound inhibitors 1 (UNC569), 2 and 3 (PDB code: 3TCP, 4MHA and 4M3Q) and used to proceed virtual screening with online platform ZINCPharmer. Core structures were obtained after analyzing and classifying the virtual screening results and used for new inhibitors design. Results Totally 16 253 compounds were screened out, and classified to 12 core structures. Based on structure 12, 16a-16d were designed and docked with Mer TK. Among them, 16c exhibited the lowest binding energy, which could be used for future drug design. Concludsion A series of core structures keeping critical interaction with Mer TK are discovered and can be used for the new selective Mer TKI design and development. The procedure can also be applied to other targets drug discovery.

An enlightenment from disaster medical rescue of Philippines typhoon / 预防医学

Objective To summarize the medical rescue work of China emergency medical team in Philippines disaster area by typhoon Haiyan.Methods The rescue experience was summarized by retrospective study.Results A total of 1 831 patients visited the outpatient and emergency departments during those 10 days.According to the rapid risk assessment,the insect borne diseases,acute gastroenteritis infection and hospital infection were the major problems.The medical team took measures such as disinfection,vector control,cleaning up the environment,hospital infection control and providing the safe water to prevent the infectious diseases.Conclusion A sound organization and management system,high -quality members of the medical team,preparing the reasonable rescue plan and epidemic prevention measures,adequate supplies and effective communication were responsible for the success of the medical rescue.It is necessary to establish several international medical rescue teams at the national level.

Pharmacokinetic effect of combined administration on spinosin and ferulic acid in monarch drug Ziziphi Spinosae Semen kernel / 中国中药杂志

To study the pharmacokinetic effect of different combined administration with monarch drug Ziziphi Spinosae Semen on its main components in rats. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into Ziziphi Spinosae Semen group, Ziziphi Spinosae Semen-Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis group, Ziziphi spinosae Semen-Salviae Miltiorrhize Radix et Rhizoma group and Zaoren Ansheng prescription group. After oral administration, HPLC was eluted with the mobile phase of acetonitrle-0.03% phosphate acid water in a gradient mode. The detection wavelength was 280 nm. The pharmacokinetic parameters of spinosin and ferulic acid were calculated by DAS 2. 0 software. Compared with Ziziphi Spinosae Semen group, Ziziphi Spinosae Semen-Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis group, Ziziphi Spinosae Semen-Salviae miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma group showed a lower maximum plasma concentration (C(max)) and area under curve (AUC(0-t)) for spinosin and ferulic acid but higher clearance speed (CL/F); whereas the Zaoren Ansheng prescription group showed higher maximum plasma concentration (C(max)) and area under curve (AUC(0-t)) for spinosin and ferulic acid but lower clearance speed (CL/F). Compared with Ziziphi Spinosae Semen group, prescription group showed slower metabolism of spinosin and ferulic

Role of calcineurin in down-regulation of left ventricular transmural voltage- dependent K(+) currents in mice with heart failure / 生理学报

The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of calcineurin in the down-regulation of left ventricular transmural voltage-dependent K(+) currents in heart failure. Transverse aorta was banded by using microsurgical techniques to create mouse heart failure model. Sham-operated (Sham) or aorta banded (Band) mice were randomized to receive calcineurin inhibitor cyclosporine A (CsA) or vehicle. The densities and kinetic properties of voltage-dependent K(+) currents, as well as action potential (AP), of left ventricular subendocardial (Endo) and subepicardial (Epi) myocytes were determined by using whole-cell patch-clamp technique. The results showed that calcineurin activity was significant higher in Endo myocytes than that in Epi ones in all the groups. Compared with Sham group, Band mice showed significantly increased calcineurin activity both in Endo and Epi myocytes. CsA significantly reduced calcineurin activity in Band mice. CsA treatment in Band mice partially reversed the down-regulation of Ito density, completely reversed the down-regulation of IK,slow density both in Endo and Epi myocytes, and Iss density in Endo myocytes. In addition, CsA treatment in Band mice partially antagonized the prolongation of action potential duration (APD), and APD at 50% (APD50) and 90% repolarization (APD90) were significantly reduced. Because of non-parallel shortening of APD in Endo and Epi myocytes, the ratio of Endo/Epi APD90 was reduced from 4.8:1 in Band mice to 2.6:1 in CsA-treated mice, which was close to that in Sham mice. The results suggest that non-parallel activation of calcineurin in Endo and Epi myocytes contributes to the down-regulation of transmural voltage-dependent K(+) currents and the amplification of transmural dispersion of repolarization (TDR) in left ventricular failure hearts. Inhibition of calcineurin may be a potential new therapeutic strategy to prevent and cure arrhythmias and sudden death in heart failure.

Advance on genetic mechanism of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis and genetic relationship map / 中国骨伤

Identification of genetic risk factors is the hotspot of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). Through candidate gene approach and genome-wide association studies (GWAS), some genes were preliminary identified. To review AIS related genes,and construct the gene network map of AIS gene. We searched on NCBI PubMed and Web of Science database using search terms "adolescent idiopathic scoliosis" and "gene", to classify induction genes. We then constructed gene diagram using string-db. We found 35 AIS genes relating to connective tissue, nervous system active substances, melatonin synthesis and metabolism, puberty and growth, and genes whose function is unknown. Gene diagram shows that a network relationship between gene and other genes,in which IL6, ESR1, ESR2, VDR, TGFB1, IGF1 gene may as the key gene about AIS' genetic mechanism. Two sites of 3 GWAS results outside the network, it is suggesting new pathway that need to be explored. The study about AIS susceptibility gene is still preliminary, requiring in-depth research to identify the new networks.

Effects of different treatments on patients with osteoporotic fracture after percutaneous kyphoplasty / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate effects of different treatments on patients with osteoporotic vertebral fracture after percutaneous kyphoplasty in pain and function.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From March 2010 to March 2012,138 patients (165 vertebrae) with thoracic and lumbar vertebral osteoporotic fracture were randomly divided into three groups (control group, treatment group and comprehensive group), 46 cases in each group, and all patients were treated by PKP. Control group were treated with calcium and calcitriol after operation, treatment group added salmon calcitonin see calcimar based on control group, comprehensive group added incrementality waist musculi dorsi function exercise based on treatment group. VAS, ODI scores and BMD before operation, 3 d, 2 weeks, 1 month, 6 months and 12 months after operation were detected and compared.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All operation were performed successfully,38 cases (45 vertebrae) in control group, 36 cases (44 vertebrae) in treatment group and 40 cases (49 vertebrae) were obtained complete following up, there was no significant meaning in following time among three groups (P>0.05). Postoperative VAS and ODI scores at 3 d, 2 weeks and 1 month among three groups were lower than that of before operation (P<0.01). Compared with control group, postoperative VAS score at 3 d, 2 weeks and 1 month were decreasedin treatment group and comprehensive group, but there was no significant meaning in ODI scores (P>0.05). At 6 and 12 months after operation,there was no significant differences in VAS and ODI between control group and treatment group (P>0.05), while VAS score in comprehensive group decreased much than other two groups,decreased continuously (P<0.01). At 12 months after operation, BMD among three groups were increased more than preoperative,and BMD in comprehensive group was more obviously than that of in control and treatment group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>PKP, an effective method for the treatment of thoracic and lumbar vertebral osteoporotic fracture, could improve short-term clinical effects by adding calcitonin with calcium supplements and activated vitamin D. Waist musculi dorsi function exercise could improve long-term clinical effects of PKP and improve quality of life.</p>

Effects of serum of Bushen Huoxue prescription (Chinese characters) on classic Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways of osteoblasts / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe effects of serum Bushen Huoxue prescription(Chinese characters) on classic Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways of osteoblasts, and explore mechanism of Bushen Huoxue prescription (Chinese characters) for preventing osteoporosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty health female rats were randomly divided into two groups, including Bushen Huoxue (Chinese characters) group and saline group,10 in each group. Bushen Huoxue (Chinese characters) group and Saline group were gavaged Bushen Huoxue and saline every day for 1 week. Bushenhuoxue containing serum and saline containing serum were got according to methods of serum preparation of drug-containing. The osteoblasts was cultured with neonatal rat skull according to Enzyme Consumer Law, and was identified by Wright-Giemsa staining (R-J) and alkaline phosphatase staining (ALP). The third generation of osteoblasts was divided into three groups, including saline group, normal group,Bushen Huoxue (Chinese characters) group. Each group were added to 15% appropriate medium. ALP activity of osteoblasts and osteoblasts proliferation rate were tested, mineralized nodules were observed, the expression of β-catenin, Runx2, Osx mRNA of osteoblasts were tested by RT-PCR.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There was blue granules in cytoplasm, cell nucleus was flint with 1 to 3 nucleoli showed by R-J staining, morphology of osteoblasts were cultured. ALP staining showed cytoplasm with purple granules, the results showed that the cultured cell was osteoblasts. The content of ALP in Bushen Huoxue (Chinese characters)group was (6.272±0.131) ,appreciation rate was (0.81? 0.172), and could significantly improve differentiation and proliferation activity of osteoblasts compared with Saline group (P< 0.01). There were four different size orange nodules, the Maximun nodule was 1.0 x 1.0 cm in Bushen Huoxue (Chinese characters) group after Alizarin red staining, the results showed Bushen Huoxue (Chinese characters)group could obviously improve mineralization of osteoblasts. The expression of mRNA of β-catenin, Runx2 and Osx in Bushen Huoxue (Chinese characters)group were (1.782±0.944), (1.935±0.994) and (1.610±0.811) by RT-PCR,it was significantly increased compared with saline group (P<0.01), but there was no difference between Bushen Huoxue (Chinese characters)group and normal group (P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Bushen Huoxue (Chinese characters)group could obviously promote differentiation, proliferation and mineralization of osteoblasts through activation of Wnt, β-catenin signaling pathway. It suggested that the mechanism of action of Bushen Huoxue (O'f f Il.t)particle clould prevent osteoporosis through the activation of Wnt, β-catenin signaling pathway.</p>

Ultrasound-guided percutaneous nephrolithotomy for management of renal complete staghorn stones / 中华医学超声杂志（电子版）

ObjectiveTo report our experience and assess the safety and efficacy of ultrasound-guided percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) with ultrasonic and pneumatic lithotripters for complete renal staghorn stones.MethodsFrom Jan 2006 to Jan 2015, 128 patients (142 kidneys) with complete staghorn stones underwent PCNL, included 14 patients with bilateral renal complete stones,13 patients with solitary or founctional solitary kidney, 22 patients with renal insufficiency, 25 patients with renal empyema, 4 patients with spine malformation, ultrasound-guided PCNL were performed. Stones were fragmented and cleared using a combination of ultrasonic and pneumatic lithotripters.ResultsAll PCNL procedures were successful. Successful access to the collecting system was 100%. Mean operation time was 64.5±39. 1min (range 30–150). The primary stone-free rate of PCNL was 76.8%(109/142). Most of the renal stones(63.4%, 90/142)were managed satisfactorily by a single tract,a second tract was used in 25 renal stones(17.6%, 25/142). There were 36 auxiliary procedures (24 second PCNL and 3 third PCNL and 9 extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy). One month after treatment, the overall stone-free rate was 85.2%(121/142). Six patients (4.2%) received blood transfusion,three patients(2.1%) received angiography and embolization . Three patients (2.1%) with infective shock were cured by intravenous antibiotics and antishock treatments. Three patients with temporary renal function receded were observed in solitary kidney for two tracts PCNL. No other severe complications occurred. The mean postoperative stay was 5.2 days (range 2–12). Conclusion: Ultrasound-guided Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy with ultrasonic and pneumatic lithotripters for management of renal complete staghorn stones is safe, effective, and worthy of wider use in clinical practice.